Since 1 January 2021, the UK and the EU’s trade agreement has set the rules for trade between them. The agreement is called the Trade and Cooperation Agreement (“TCA”). In 2025, the EU accounted for 47% of Wales’ international trade in goods by value and 60% by volume.
This guide is part of our international trade series. It explains:
- Where the EU ranks amongst Wales’ trading partners;
- What goods Wales trades with the EU;
- Which Welsh sectors are most reliant on trading with the EU;
- Trade before and after Brexit;
- How many Welsh businesses trade with the EU;
- Why the previous Welsh Government believed that Wales was “disproportionately impacted” by Brexit compared to the rest of the UK.
Article by Sara Moran and Josh Jenkins, Senedd Research, Welsh Parliament
